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References

AAUW (2019). Workplace and economic equity: Black women and the pay gap. https://www.aauw.org/resources/article/black-women-and-the-pay-gap/

Abraham, N., Arendale, D., Barber, D., Bekis, B., Claybourne, C., Edenfeld, K., Epps, B., Hutchinson, K., Jimenez, J., Killingbeck, K., Pokhrel, R., Schmauch, N., & Woodruff, R. (2021). Antiracist activities and policies for student-led study groups. Colleagues of Color for Social Justice. https://z.umn.edu/CCSJstudygroups

American Council on Education (2020). Race and ethnicity in higher education: 2020 supplement. https://www.equityinhighered.org/resources/report-downloads/race-andethnicity-in-higher-education-2020-supplement/

Anderson, S., Medrich, E., & Fowler, D. (2007). Which achievement gap. Phi Delta Kappan, 88(7), 547-550.

Bowman, N. A., Preschel, S., & Martinez, D. (2021). Does Supplemental Instruction improve grades and retention? A propensity score analysis approach. The Journal of Experimental Education, online, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.2021.1891010

Close the Gap Foundation. (2021). Opportunity Gap. https://www.closethegapfoundation.org/glossary/opportunity-gap

Espinosa, L. L., Turk, J. M., Taylor, M., & and Chessman, H. M. (2019). Race and ethnicity in higher education: A status report. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.

Flores, O. J. (2018). (Re)constructing the language of the achievement gap to an opportunity gap: The counternarratives of three African American women school leaders. Journal of School Leadership, 28, 344-373.

Frye, R. D., Barone, M. C., Hammond, N. B., Eloi-Evans, S., Trenshaw, K. F., & Raucci, M. (2021). Incentives and barriers to participation in PLTL workshop spaces: An exploration of underrepresented students’ experiences. Journal of Women and Minorities in Scienceand Engineering, 27(3), 1-31.

Goleman, D. (2006). Emotional Intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Bantam.

Hurtado, S., Alvarez, C. L., Guillermo-Wann, C., Cuellar, M., & Arellano, L. (2012). A model for diverse learning environments. In J. C. Smart & M. B. Paulsen (Eds.), Higher education: Handbook of theory and research (Vol. 7, pp. 41-122). Springer.

Massey, D. S., Charles, C.Z., Lundy, G. F., & Fischer, M. J. (2002). The source of the river: The social origins of freshmen at America’s selective colleges and universities. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

National Center for Education Statistics. (2015). Achievement gaps. https://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/studies/gaps/

Noguera, P. A. (2001). Racial politics and the elusive quest for excellence and equity in education. Education & Urban Society, 34(1), 18.

Public Broadcasting Service. (2021). Equity in Education. PBS. Retrieved February 26, 2022, from https://www.pbs.org/video/urban-consulate-presents-equity-in-education-b8cjs4/.

Rath, K. A., Peterfreund, A. R., Xenos, S. P., Bayliss, F., & Carnal, N. (2007). Supplemental Instruction in Introductory Biology I: Enhancing the performance and retention of underrepresented minority students. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 6, 203-216. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.06-10-0198

Shannon, G. S., & Bylsma, P. (2002). Addressing the achievement gap: A challenge for Washington State educators. Retrieved from http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED474392

Wood, L. (2022, February 25). Advancing black minds: Strategies for addressing student success in the dual pandemics [Online]. 46th Annual Dr. Michael T. Fagin Pan African Conference, Minnesota State University, Mankato.

Yue, H., Rico, R. S., Vang, M. K., & Giuffrida, T. A. (2018). Supplemental Instruction: Helping disadvantaged students reduce performance gap. Journal of Developmental Education, 41(2), 18-26.

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